cmd/compile: initialize sparse slice literals dynamically

When a slice composite literal is sparse, initialize it dynamically
instead of statically.

s := []int{5:5, 20:20}

To initialize the backing store for s, use 2 constant writes instead
of copying from a static array with 21 entries.

This CL also fixes pathologies in the compiler when the slice is
*very* sparse.

Fixes #23780

Change-Id: Iae95c6e6f6a0e2994675cbc750d7a4dd6436b13b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/151319
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/sinit.go

@@ -612,6 +612,15 @@ func getdyn(n *Node, top bool) initGenType {
 		if !top {
 			return initDynamic
 		}
+		if n.Right.Int64()/4 > int64(n.List.Len()) {
+			// <25% of entries have explicit values.
+			// Very rough estimation, it takes 4 bytes of instructions
+			// to initialize 1 byte of result. So don't use a static
+			// initializer if the dynamic initialization code would be
+			// smaller than the static value.
+			// See issue 23780.
+			return initDynamic
+		}
 
 	case OARRAYLIT, OSTRUCTLIT:
 	}
@@ -902,7 +911,7 @@ func slicelit(ctxt initContext, n *Node, var_ *Node, init *Nodes) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if isLiteral(value) {
+		if vstat != nil && isLiteral(value) { // already set by copy from static value
 			continue
 		}
 

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/syntax.go

@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ const (
 	OMAPLIT    // Type{List} (composite literal, Type is map)
 	OSTRUCTLIT // Type{List} (composite literal, Type is struct)
 	OARRAYLIT  // Type{List} (composite literal, Type is array)
-	OSLICELIT  // Type{List} (composite literal, Type is slice)
+	OSLICELIT  // Type{List} (composite literal, Type is slice) Right.Int64() = slice length.
 	OPTRLIT    // &Left (left is composite literal)
 	OCONV      // Type(Left) (type conversion)
 	OCONVIFACE // Type(Left) (type conversion, to interface)

test/fixedbugs/issue23780.go

+// compile
+
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package p
+
+func f() {
+	_ = []byte{1 << 30: 1}
+}
+
+func g() {
+	sink = []byte{1 << 30: 1}
+}
+
+var sink []byte