Internal objects that satisfy the Printable interface can print
directly to a printer w/o going through the conversion to a string
first.

Made printer.f understand and special-case %v so that Printable
objects use the printer directly.

This is work in progress and we may end up doing something else
eventually (perhaps using fmt.Formatter) - or even undo these
changes if this exploration doesn't get us to a significantly
better place.

Allocations numbers relative to commit c85b77c2 (still up, but
reduced from most recent change):

name       old time/op     new time/op     delta
Template       307ms ± 4%      315ms ± 4%   +2.55%        (p=0.000 n=29+29)
Unicode        164ms ± 4%      165ms ± 4%     ~           (p=0.057 n=30+30)
GoTypes        1.01s ± 3%      1.03s ± 3%   +1.72%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Compiler       5.49s ± 1%      5.62s ± 2%   +2.31%        (p=0.000 n=30+28)

name       old user-ns/op  new user-ns/op  delta
Template        397M ± 3%       406M ± 6%   +2.21%        (p=0.000 n=28+30)
Unicode         225M ± 4%       226M ± 3%     ~           (p=0.230 n=29+30)
GoTypes        1.31G ± 3%      1.34G ± 5%   +2.79%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Compiler       7.39G ± 2%      7.50G ± 2%   +1.43%        (p=0.000 n=30+29)

name       old alloc/op    new alloc/op    delta
Template      46.8MB ± 0%     47.5MB ± 0%   +1.48%        (p=0.000 n=29+28)
Unicode       37.8MB ± 0%     38.1MB ± 0%   +0.64%        (p=0.000 n=30+28)
GoTypes        143MB ± 0%      145MB ± 0%   +1.72%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Compiler       683MB ± 0%      706MB ± 0%   +3.31%        (p=0.000 n=30+29)

name       old allocs/op   new allocs/op   delta
Template        444k ± 0%       481k ± 0%   +8.38%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Unicode         369k ± 0%       379k ± 0%   +2.74%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
GoTypes        1.35M ± 0%      1.50M ± 0%  +10.78%        (p=0.000 n=30+30)
Compiler       5.66M ± 0%      6.25M ± 0%  +10.31%        (p=0.000 n=29+29)

For #16897.

Change-Id: I37f95ab60508018ee6d29a98d238482b60e3e4b5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/28072Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>