Rationale: small buffer optimization does not work and it has
made things slower since 2014. Until we can make it work,
we should prefer simpler code that also turns out to be more
efficient.

With this change, it's possible to use
NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, bootstrapSize)) to get the desired
stack-allocated initial buffer since escape analysis can
prove the created slice to be non-escaping.

New implementation key points:

    - Zero value bytes.Buffer performs better than before
    - You can have a truly stack-allocated buffer, and it's not even limited to 64 bytes
    - The unsafe.Sizeof(bytes.Buffer{}) is reduced significantly
    - Empty writes don't cause allocations

Buffer benchmarks from bytes package:

    name                       old time/op    new time/op    delta
    ReadString-8                 9.20µs ± 1%    9.22µs ± 1%     ~     (p=0.148 n=10+10)
    WriteByte-8                  28.1µs ± 0%    26.2µs ± 0%   -6.78%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
    WriteRune-8                  64.9µs ± 0%    65.0µs ± 0%   +0.16%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
    BufferNotEmptyWriteRead-8     469µs ± 0%     461µs ± 0%   -1.76%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
    BufferFullSmallReads-8        108µs ± 0%     108µs ± 0%   -0.21%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

    name                       old speed      new speed      delta
    ReadString-8               3.56GB/s ± 1%  3.55GB/s ± 1%     ~     (p=0.165 n=10+10)
    WriteByte-8                 146MB/s ± 0%   156MB/s ± 0%   +7.26%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
    WriteRune-8                 189MB/s ± 0%   189MB/s ± 0%   -0.16%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

    name                       old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
    ReadString-8                 32.8kB ± 0%    32.8kB ± 0%     ~     (all equal)
    WriteByte-8                   0.00B          0.00B          ~     (all equal)
    WriteRune-8                   0.00B          0.00B          ~     (all equal)
    BufferNotEmptyWriteRead-8    4.72kB ± 0%    4.67kB ± 0%   -1.02%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
    BufferFullSmallReads-8       3.44kB ± 0%    3.33kB ± 0%   -3.26%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

    name                       old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
    ReadString-8                   1.00 ± 0%      1.00 ± 0%     ~     (all equal)
    WriteByte-8                    0.00           0.00          ~     (all equal)
    WriteRune-8                    0.00           0.00          ~     (all equal)
    BufferNotEmptyWriteRead-8      3.00 ± 0%      3.00 ± 0%     ~     (all equal)
    BufferFullSmallReads-8         3.00 ± 0%      2.00 ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

The most notable thing in go1 benchmarks is reduced allocs in HTTPClientServer (-1 alloc):

    HTTPClientServer-8           64.0 ± 0%      63.0 ± 0%  -1.56%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

For more explanations and benchmarks see the referenced issue.

Updates #7921

Change-Id: Ica0bf85e1b70fb4f5dc4f6a61045e2cf4ef72aa3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/133715Reviewed-by: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>