Prior to this CL, the ssa.Frontend field was responsible
for providing types to the backend during compilation.
However, the types needed by the backend are few and static.
It makes more sense to use a struct for them
and to hang that struct off the ssa.Config,
which is the correct home for readonly data.
Now that Types is a struct, we can clean up the names a bit as well.

This has the added benefit of allowing early construction
of all types needed by the backend.
This will be useful for concurrent backend compilation.

Passes toolstash-check -all. No compiler performance change.

Updates #15756

Change-Id: I021658c8cf2836d6a22bbc20cc828ac38c7da08a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38336Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>