This adds a //go:notinheap pragma for declarations of types that must
not be heap allocated. We ensure these rules by disallowing new(T),
make([]T), append([]T), or implicit allocation of T, by disallowing
conversions to notinheap types, and by propagating notinheap to any
struct or array that contains notinheap elements.

The utility of this pragma is that we can eliminate write barriers for
writes to pointers to go:notinheap types, since the write barrier is
guaranteed to be a no-op. This will let us mark several scheduler and
memory allocator structures as go:notinheap, which will let us
disallow write barriers in the scheduler and memory allocator much
more thoroughly and also eliminate some problematic hybrid write
barriers.

This also makes go:nowritebarrierrec and go:yeswritebarrierrec much
more powerful. Currently we use go:nowritebarrier all over the place,
but it's almost never what you actually want: when write barriers are
illegal, they're typically illegal for a whole dynamic scope. Partly
this is because go:nowritebarrier has been around longer, but it's
also because go:nowritebarrierrec couldn't be used in situations that
had no-op write barriers or where some nested scope did allow write
barriers. go:notinheap eliminates many no-op write barriers and
go:yeswritebarrierrec makes it possible to opt back in to write
barriers, so these two changes will let us use go:nowritebarrierrec
far more liberally.

This updates #13386, which is about controlling pointers from non-GC'd
memory to GC'd memory. That would require some additional pragma (or
pragmas), but could build on this pragma.

Change-Id: I6314f8f4181535dd166887c9ec239977b54940bd
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/30939Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>