The existing backend recognizes special
assignment statements as being implementable
with static data rather than code.
Unfortunately, it assumes that it is in the middle
of codegen; it emits data and modifies the AST.

This does not play well with SSA's two-phase
bootstrapping approach, in which we attempt to
compile code but fall back to the existing backend
if something goes wrong.

To work around this:

* Add the ability to inquire about static data
without side-effects.
* Save the static data required for a function.
* Emit that static data during SSA codegen.

Change-Id: I2e8a506c866ea3e27dffb597095833c87f62d87e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/12790Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>