It's not safe to do p+x with unsafe if that would point past the
end of the object. (Valid in C, not safe in Go.)
Pass a "whySafe" reason (compiled away) to explain at each
call site why it's safe.

Fixes #21733.

Change-Id: I5da8c25bde66f5c9beac232f2135dcab8e8bf3b1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/80738Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>