This change adds support for accelerating time.Now by using
the __vdso_clock_gettime fast-path via the vDSO on linux/386
if it is available.

When the vDSO path to the clocks is available, it is typically
5x-10x faster than the syscall path (see benchmark extract
below).  Two such calls are made for each time.Now() call
on most platforms as of go 1.9.

- Add vdso_linux_386.go, containing the ELF32 definitions
  for use by vdso_linux.go, the maximum array size, and
  the symbols to be located in the vDSO.

- Modify runtime.walltime and runtime.nanotime to check for
  and use the vDSO fast-path if available, or fall back to
  the existing syscall path.

- Reduce the stack reservations for runtime.walltime and
  runtime.monotime from 32 to 16 bytes. It appears the syscall
  path actually only needed 8 bytes, but 16 is now needed to
  cover the syscall and vDSO paths.

- Remove clearing DX from the syscall paths as clock_gettime
  only takes 2 args (BX, CX in syscall calling convention),
  so there should be no need to clear DX.

The included BenchmarkTimeNow was run with -cpu=1 -count=20
on an "Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU J1900 @ 1.99GHz", comparing
released go 1.9.1 vs this change. This shows a gain in
performance on linux/386 (6.89x), and that no regression
occurred on linux/amd64 due to this change.

Kernel: linux/i686, GOOS=linux GOARCH=386
   name      old time/op  new time/op  delta
   TimeNow   978ns ± 0%   142ns ± 0%  -85.48%  (p=0.000 n=16+20)

Kernel: linux/x86_64, GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64
   name      old time/op  new time/op  delta
   TimeNow   125ns ± 0%   125ns ± 0%   ~       (all equal)

Gains are more dramatic in virtualized environments,
presumably due to the overhead of virtualizing the syscall.

Fixes #22190

Change-Id: I2f83ce60cb1b8b310c9ced0706bb463c1b3aedf8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/69390
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>