All multi-precision arithmetic is now based on math/big.

- passes all.bash
- added test cases for fixed bugs

Fixes #7740.
Fixes #6866.

Change-Id: I67268b91766970ced3b928260053ccdce8753d58
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/7912Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>