Replace cas with xadd in scheduler.
Suggested by Dmitriy in last code review.
Verified with Promela model.

When there's actual contention for the atomic word,
this avoids the looping that compare-and-swap requires.

benchmark                            old ns/op    new ns/op    delta
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscall               32           26  -17.08%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscall-2            155           59  -61.81%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscall-3            112           52  -52.95%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscall-4             94           48  -48.57%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscallWork          871          872   +0.11%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscallWork-2        481          477   -0.83%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscallWork-3        338          335   -0.89%
runtime_test.BenchmarkSyscallWork-4        263          256   -2.66%

R=golang-dev, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4800047