This change enables printing of relative column information if a
prior line directive specified a valid column. If there was no
line directive, or the line directive didn't specify a column
(or the -C flag is specified), no column information is shown in
file positions.

Implementation: Column values (and line values, for that matter)
that are zero are interpreted as "unknown". A line directive that
doesn't specify a column records that as a zero column in the
respective PosBase data structure. When computing relative columns,
a relative value is zero of the base's column value is zero.
When formatting a position, a zero column value is not printed.

To make this work without special cases, the PosBase for a file
is given a concrete (non-0:0) position 1:1 with the PosBase's
line and column also being 1:1. In other words, at the position
1:1 of a file, it's relative positions are starting with 1:1 as
one would expect.

In the package syntax, this requires self-recursive PosBases for
file bases, matching what cmd/internal/src.PosBase was already
doing. In src.PosBase, file and inlining bases also need to be
based at 1:1 to indicate "known" positions.

This change completes the cmd/compiler part of the issue below.

Fixes #22662.

Change-Id: I6c3d2dee26709581fba0d0261b1d12e93f1cba1a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/97375Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>