During a call to a reflect-generated function or method (via
makeFuncStub or methodValueCall), when should we scan the return
values?

When we're starting a reflect call, the space on the stack for the
return values is not initialized yet, as it contains whatever junk was
on the stack of the caller at the time. The return space must not be
scanned during a GC.

When we're finishing a reflect call, the return values are
initialized, and must be scanned during a GC to make sure that any
pointers in the return values are found and their referents retained.

When the GC stack walk comes across a reflect call in progress on the
stack, it needs to know whether to scan the results or not. It doesn't
know the progress of the reflect call, so it can't decide by
itself. The reflect package needs to tell it.

This CL adds another slot in the frame of makeFuncStub and
methodValueCall so we can put a boolean in there which tells the
runtime whether to scan the results or not.

This CL also adds the args length to reflectMethodValue so the
runtime can restrict its scanning to only the args section (not the
results) if the reflect package says the results aren't ready yet.

Do a delicate dance in the reflect package to set the "results are
valid" bit. We need to make sure we set the bit only after we've
copied the results back to the stack. But we must set the bit before
we drop reflect's copy of the results. Otherwise, we might have a
state where (temporarily) no one has a live copy of the results.
That's the state we were observing in issue #27695 before this CL.

The bitmap used by the runtime currently contains only the args.
(Actually, it contains all the bits, but the size is set so we use
only the args portion.) This is safe for early in a reflect call, but
unsafe late in a reflect call. The test issue27695.go demonstrates
this unsafety. We change the bitmap to always include both args
and results, and decide at runtime which portion to use.

issue27695.go only has a test for method calls. Function calls were ok
because there wasn't a safepoint between when reflect dropped its copy
of the return values and when the caller is resumed. This may change
when we introduce safepoints everywhere.

This truncate-to-only-the-args was part of CL 9888 (in 2015). That
part of the CL fixed the problem demonstrated in issue27695b.go but
introduced the problem demonstrated in issue27695.go.

TODO, in another CL: simplify FuncLayout and its test. stack return
value is now identical to frametype.ptrdata + frametype.gcdata.

Fixes #27695

Change-Id: I2d49b34e34a82c6328b34f02610587a291b25c5f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/137440
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>