Deduplicate the verb switch for signed and unsigned integer formatting.

Make names of integer related functions consistent
with names of other fmt functions.

Consolidate basic integer tests.

Change-Id: I0c19c24f1c2c06a3b1a4d7d377dcdac3b36bb0f5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20831
Run-TryBot: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>