To return DWARF attribute values, debug/dwarf maps the DWARF attribute
value classes to Go types. Unfortunately, this mapping is ambiguous in
a way that makes it impossible to correctly interpret some DWARF
attributes as of DWARF 4. For example, AttrStartScope can be either a
constant or a rangelistptr. The attribute is interpreted differently
depending on its class, but debug/dwarf maps both classes to int64, so
the caller can't distinguish them from the Go type.
AttrDataMemberLocation is similar.

To address this, this change adds a field to type Field that indicates
the exact DWARF attribute value class of that field's value. This
makes it possible to distinguish value classes that can't be
distinguished by their Go type alone.

The root of this type ambiguity was DWARF itself. For example, DWARF 2
made no distinction between constants that were just constants and
constants that were section offsets because no attribute could have
both meanings. Hence, the single int64 type was sufficient. To avoid
introducing just another layer of ambiguity, this change takes pains
to canonicalize ambiguous classes in DWARF 2 and 3 files into the
unambiguous classes of DWARF 4.

Of course, there's no guarantee that future DWARF versions won't do
the same thing again and further subdivide the DWARF 4 classes. This
change gets ahead of this somewhat by distinguishing the various *ptr
classes even though the encoding does not. If there's some other form
of split, we can handle this in a backwards-compatible way by
introducing, for example, a Class5 field and type.

Change-Id: I4ef96d1223b0fd7f96ecf44fcc0e704a36af02b4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/8502Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>