time: allow +00 as numeric timezone name and GMT offset

A timezone with a zero offset from UTC and without a three-letter
abbreviation will have a numeric name in timestamps: "+00".

There are currently two of them:

  $ zdump Atlantic/Azores America/Scoresbysund
  Atlantic/Azores       Wed Aug 22 09:01:05 2018 +00
  America/Scoresbysund  Wed Aug 22 09:01:05 2018 +00

These two timestamp are rejected by Parse, since it doesn't allow for
zero offsets:

  parsing time "Wed Aug 22 09:01:05 2018 +00": extra text: +00

This change modifies Parse to accept a +00 offset in numeric timezone
names.

As side effect of this change, Parse also now accepts "GMT+00". It was
explicitely disallowed (with a unit test ensuring it got rejected),
but the restriction seems incorrect.

DATE(1), for example, allows it:

  $ date --debug --date="2009-01-02 03:04:05 GMT+00"

  date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2009-01-02
  date: parsed time part: 03:04:05
  date: parsed zone part: UTC+00
  date: input timezone: parsed date/time string (+00)
  date: using specified time as starting value: '03:04:05'
  date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2009-01-02 03:04:05 TZ=+00'
  date: '(Y-M-D) 2009-01-02 03:04:05 TZ=+00' = 1230865445 epoch-seconds
  date: timezone: system default
  date: final: 1230865445.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
  date: final: (Y-M-D) 2009-01-02 03:04:05 (UTC)
  date: final: (Y-M-D) 2009-01-02 04:04:05 (UTC+01)
  Fri  2 Jan 04:04:05 CET 2009

This fixes 2 of 17 time.Parse() failures listed in Issue #26032.

Updates #26032

Change-Id: I01cd067044371322b7bb1dae452fb3c758ed3cc2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/130696
Run-TryBot: Alberto Donizetti <alb.donizetti@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>

src/time/format.go

@@ -1172,13 +1172,15 @@ func parseSignedOffset(value string) int {
 		return 0
 	}
 	x, rem, err := leadingInt(value[1:])
-	if err != nil {
+
+	// fail if nothing consumed by leadingInt
+	if err != nil || value[1:] == rem {
 		return 0
 	}
 	if sign == '-' {
 		x = -x
 	}
-	if x == 0 || x < -23 || 23 < x {
+	if x < -23 || 23 < x {
 		return 0
 	}
 	return len(value) - len(rem)

src/time/format_test.go

@@ -416,7 +416,11 @@ var parseTimeZoneTests = []ParseTimeZoneTest{
 	{"gmt hi there", 0, false},
 	{"GMT hi there", 3, true},
 	{"GMT+12 hi there", 6, true},
-	{"GMT+00 hi there", 3, true}, // 0 or 00 is not a legal offset.
+	{"GMT+00 hi there", 6, true},
+	{"GMT+", 3, true},
+	{"GMT+3", 5, true},
+	{"GMT+a", 3, true},
+	{"GMT+3a", 5, true},
 	{"GMT-5 hi there", 5, true},
 	{"GMT-51 hi there", 3, true},
 	{"ChST hi there", 4, true},
@@ -431,6 +435,7 @@ var parseTimeZoneTests = []ParseTimeZoneTest{
 	{"+03 hi", 3, true},
 	{"-04 hi", 3, true},
 	// Issue #26032
+	{"+00", 3, true},
 	{"-11", 3, true},
 	{"-12", 3, true},
 	{"-23", 3, true},