sync: improve Pool performance

Rewrite indexLocal to achieve higher performance.

Performance results on linux/amd64:

name            old time/op  new time/op  delta
Pool-4          19.1ns ± 2%  10.1ns ± 1%  -47.15%  (p=0.000 n=10+8)
PoolOverflow-4  3.11µs ± 1%  2.10µs ± 2%  -32.66%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Performance results on linux/386:

name            old time/op  new time/op  delta
Pool-4          20.0ns ± 2%  13.1ns ± 1%  -34.59%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
PoolOverflow-4  3.51µs ± 1%  2.49µs ± 0%  -28.99%  (p=0.000 n=10+8)

Change-Id: I7d57a2d4cd47ec43d09ca1267bde2e3f05a9faa9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/40913Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

src/sync/pool.go

@@ -241,7 +241,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func indexLocal(l unsafe.Pointer, i int) *poolLocal {
-	return &(*[1000000]poolLocal)(l)[i]
+	lp := unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(l) + uintptr(i)*unsafe.Sizeof(poolLocal{}))
+	return (*poolLocal)(lp)
 }
 
 // Implemented in runtime.