runtime.Version() requires a trailing "+" when
tree had local modifications at time of build.

Fixes #7701

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84040045

The garbage collector poison pointers
(0x6969696969696969 and 0x6868686868686868)
are malformed addresses on amd64.
That is, they are not 48-bit addresses sign extended
to 64 bits. This causes a different kind of hardware fault
than the usual 'unmapped page' when accessing such
an address, and OS X 10.9.2 sends the resulting SIGSEGV
incorrectly, making it look like it was user-generated
rather than kernel-generated and does not include the
faulting address. This means that in GODEBUG=gcdead=1
mode, if there is a bug and something tries to dereference
a poisoned pointer, the runtime delivers the SIGSEGV to
os/signal and returns to the faulting code, which faults
again, causing the process to hang instead of crashing.

Fix by rewriting "user-generated" SIGSEGV on OS X to
look like a kernel-generated SIGSEGV with fault address
0xb01dfacedebac1e.

I chose that address because (1) when printed in hex
during a crash, it is obviously spelling out English text,
(2) there are no current Google hits for that pointer,
which will make its origin easy to find once this CL
is indexed, and (3) it is not an altogether inaccurate
description of the situation.

Add a test. Maybe other systems will break too.

LGTM=khr
R=golang-codereviews, khr
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, ken
https://golang.org/cl/83270049

Delaying the runtime.throw until here will print more information.
In particular it will print the signal and code values, which means
it will show the fault address.

The canpanic checks were added recently, in CL 75320043.
They were just not added in exactly the right place.

LGTM=iant
R=dvyukov, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83980043

Brad has been asking for this for a while.
I have resisted because I wanted to find a more general way to
do this, one that would keep the performance of code introducing
variables the same as the performance of code that did not.
(See golang.org/issue/3512#c20).

I have not found the more general way, and recent changes to
remove ambiguously live temporaries have blown away the
property I was trying to preserve, so that's no longer a reason
not to make the change.

Fixes #3512.

LGTM=iant
R=iant
CC=bradfitz, golang-codereviews, khr, r
https://golang.org/cl/83740044

Fixes #7476.

LGTM=iant
R=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84000043

Fixes #7385.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84010044

Cuts hello world by 70kB, because we don't write
those names into the symbol table.

Update #6853

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/80370045

Fixes #6769.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=bgarcia, rsc, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84220044

Fixes #7639.

LGTM=rsc
R=r, adg, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81240043

Fixes #7271.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84170043

This is just testing the status quo, so that any future attempt
to change it will make the test break and redirect the person
making the change to look at issue 6027.

Fixes #6027.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83930046

Supports all the current GNU tar sparse formats, including the
old GNU format and the GNU PAX format versions 0.0, 0.1, and 1.0.
Fixes #3864.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, dave, gobot, dsymonds, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/64740043

Generated by addca.

R=gobot
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81400045

The software floating point runs with m->locks++
to avoid being preempted; recognize this case in panic
and undo it so that m->locks is maintained correctly
when panicking.

Fixes #7553.

LGTM=dvyukov
R=golang-codereviews, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/84030043

Fixes #7682

LGTM=adg
R=golang-codereviews, adg
CC=dsymonds, golang-codereviews, iant
https://golang.org/cl/83800043

The old limit of 5 was chosen because we didn't actually know how
many bytes of arguments there were; 5 was a halfway point between
printing some useful information and looking ridiculous.

Now we know how many bytes of arguments there are, and we stop
the printing when we reach that point, so the "looking ridiculous" case
doesn't happen anymore: we only print actual argument words.
The cutoff now serves only to truncate very long (but real) argument lists.

In multiple debugging sessions recently (completely unrelated bugs)
I have been frustrated by not seeing more of the long argument lists:
5 words is only 2.5 interface values or strings, and not even 2 slices.
Double the max amount we'll show.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, r
https://golang.org/cl/83850043

The data field is the generic array that acts as a standin
for the keys and values arrays for the generic runtime code.
We want to substitute the keys and values arrays for the data
array, not just add keys and values in addition to it.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81160044

Fixes #7550.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant, josharian
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83520043

Darwin 10.6 (gcc 4.2) and some older versions of gcc default to C90 mode, not C99 mode. Silence the warning.

LGTM=aram, iant
R=golang-codereviews, aram, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83090050

There is no way to call them from outside the net package.
They are used to implement UCPConn.ReadMsgUDP and similar.

LGTM=mikioh.mikioh
R=golang-codereviews, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83730044

Fixes #7693.

pack.go:347: possible formatting directive in Fatal call

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83310045

Fixes #7683

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83080048

Submitted accidentally in CL 83630044.
Fixes various builds.

TBR=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83100047

Reduce footprint of liveness bitmaps by about 5x.

1. Mark all liveness bitmap symbols as 4-byte aligned
(they were aligned to a larger size by default).

2. The bitmap data is a bitmap count n followed by n bitmaps.
Each bitmap begins with its own count m giving the number
of bits. All the m's are the same for the n bitmaps.
Emit this bitmap length once instead of n times.

3. Many bitmaps within a function have the same bit values,
but each call site was given a distinct bitmap. Merge duplicate
bitmaps so that no bitmap is written more than once.

4. Many functions end up with the same aggregate bitmap data.
We used to name the bitmap data funcname.gcargs and funcname.gclocals.
Instead, name it gclocals.<md5 of data> and mark it dupok so
that the linker coalesces duplicate sets. This cut the bitmap
data remaining after step 3 by 40%; I was not expecting it to
be quite so dramatic.

Applied to "go build -ldflags -w code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/godoc":

                bitmaps           pclntab           binary on disk
before this CL  1326600           1985854           12738268
4-byte align    1154288 (0.87x)   1985854 (1.00x)   12566236 (0.99x)
one bitmap len   782528 (0.54x)   1985854 (1.00x)   12193500 (0.96x)
dedup bitmap     414748 (0.31x)   1948478 (0.98x)   11787996 (0.93x)
dedup bitmap set 245580 (0.19x)   1948478 (0.98x)   11620060 (0.91x)

While here, remove various dead blocks of code from plive.c.

Fixes #6929.
Fixes #7568.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83630044

warning: src/cmd/8g/ggen.c:35 non-interruptable temporary
warning: src/cmd/gc/walk.c:656 set and not used: l
warning: src/cmd/gc/walk.c:658 set and not used: l

LGTM=minux.ma
R=golang-codereviews, minux.ma
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83660043

1. Use n->alloc, not n->left, to hold the allocated temp being
passed from orderstmt/orderexpr to walk.

2. Treat method values the same as closures.

3. Use killed temporary for composite literal passed to
non-escaping function argument.

4. Clean temporaries promptly in if and for statements.

5. Clean temporaries promptly in select statements.
As part of this, move all the temporary-generating logic
out of select.c into order.c, so that the temporaries can
be reclaimed.

With the new temporaries, can re-enable the 1-entry
select optimization. Fixes issue 7672.

While we're here, fix a 1-line bug in select processing
turned up by the new liveness test (but unrelated; select.c:72).
Fixes #7686.

6. Clean temporaries (but not particularly promptly) in switch
and range statements.

7. Clean temporary used during convT2E/convT2I.

8. Clean temporaries promptly during && and || expressions.

---

CL 81940043 reduced the number of ambiguously live temps
in the godoc binary from 860 to 711.

CL 83090046 reduced the number from 711 to 121.

This CL reduces the number from 121 to 23.

15 the 23 that remain are in fact ambiguously live.
The final 8 could be fixed but are not trivial and
not common enough to warrant work at this point
in the release cycle.

These numbers only count ambiguously live temps,
not ambiguously live user-declared variables.
There are 18 such variables in the godoc binary after this CL,
so a total of 41 ambiguously live temps or user-declared
variables.

The net effect is that zeroing anything on entry to a function
should now be a rare event, whereas earlier it was the
common case.

This is good enough for Go 1.3, and probably good
enough for future releases too.

Fixes #7345.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83000048

Don't merge with the zero range, we may
end up zeroing more than we need.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83430044

DragonFlyBSD, FreeBSD 9 and beyond, NetBSD 6 and beyond, and
Solaris (illumos) support AF_UNIX+SOCK_SEQPACKET socket.

LGTM=dave
R=golang-codereviews, dave
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83390043

net: make WriteTo, WriteToUnix and WriteMsgUnix fail when connectionless-mode UnixConn is already connected

This CL tries to fill the gap between Linux and other Unix-like systems
in the same way UDPConn already did.

Fixes #7677.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83330045

Update #7656

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/82560043

Use Duff's device for zeroing.  Combine adjacent regions.

Update #7680
Update #7624

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83200045

Botched during CL 83090046.

TBR=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83070046

1. In functions with heap-allocated result variables or with
defer statements, the return sequence requires more than
just a single RET instruction. There is an optimization that
arranges for all returns to jump to a single copy of the return
epilogue in this case. Unfortunately, that optimization is
fundamentally incompatible with PC-based liveness information:
it takes PCs at many different points in the function and makes
them all land at one PC, making the combined liveness information
at that target PC a mess. Disable this optimization, so that each
return site gets its own copy of the 'call deferreturn' and the
copying of result variables back from the heap.
This removes quite a few spurious 'ambiguously live' variables.

2. Let orderexpr allocate temporaries that are passed by address
to a function call and then die on return, so that we can arrange
an appropriate VARKILL.

2a. Do this for ... slices.

2b. Do this for closure structs.

2c. Do this for runtime.concatstring, which is the implementation
of large string additions. Change representation of OADDSTR to
an explicit list in typecheck to avoid reconstructing list in both
walk and order.

3. Let orderexpr allocate the temporary variable copies used for
range loops, so that they can be killed when the loop is over.
Similarly, let it allocate the temporary holding the map iterator.

CL 81940043 reduced the number of ambiguously live temps
in the godoc binary from 860 to 711.

This CL reduces the number to 121. Still more to do, but another
good checkpoint.

Update #7345

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83090046

There's enough jitter in the scheduler on overloaded machines
that 25ms is not enough.

LGTM=dave
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, rsc, dave
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83300044

REP MOVSQ and REP STOSQ have a really high startup overhead.
Use a Duff's device to do the repetition instead.

benchmark                 old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkClearFat32       7.20          1.60          -77.78%
BenchmarkCopyFat32        6.88          2.38          -65.41%
BenchmarkClearFat64       7.15          3.20          -55.24%
BenchmarkCopyFat64        6.88          3.44          -50.00%
BenchmarkClearFat128      9.53          5.34          -43.97%
BenchmarkCopyFat128       9.27          5.56          -40.02%
BenchmarkClearFat256      13.8          9.53          -30.94%
BenchmarkCopyFat256       13.5          10.3          -23.70%
BenchmarkClearFat512      22.3          18.0          -19.28%
BenchmarkCopyFat512       22.0          19.7          -10.45%
BenchmarkCopyFat1024      36.5          38.4          +5.21%
BenchmarkClearFat1024     35.1          35.0          -0.28%

TODO: use for stack frame zeroing
TODO: REP prefixes are still used for "reverse" copying when src/dst
regions overlap.  Might be worth fixing.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews, r
https://golang.org/cl/81370046

The old code was using the PC of the instruction after the CALL.
Variables live during the call but not live when it returns would
not be seen as live during the stack copy, which might lead to
corruption. The correct PC to use is the one just before the
return address. After this CL the lookup matches what mgc0.c does.

The only time this matters is if you have back to back CALL instructions:

        CALL f1 // x live here
        CALL f2 // x no longer live

If a stack copy occurs during the execution of f1, the old code will
use the liveness bitmap intended for the execution of f2 and will not
treat x as live.

The only way this situation can arise and cause a problem in a stack copy
is if x lives on the stack has had its address taken but the compiler knows
enough about the context to know that x is no longer needed once f1
returns. The compiler has never known that much, so using the f2 context
cannot currently cause incorrect execution. For the same reason, it is not
possible to write a test for this today.

CL 83090046 will make the compiler precise enough in some cases
that this distinction will start mattering. The existing stack growth tests
in package runtime will fail if that CL is submitted without this one.

While we're here, print the frame PC in debug mode and update the
bitmap interpretation strings.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/83250043

The new channel and map runtime routines take pointers
to values, typically temporaries. Without help, the compiler
cannot tell when those temporaries stop being needed,
because it isn't sure what happened to the pointer.
Arrange to insert explicit VARKILL instructions for these
temporaries so that the liveness analysis can avoid seeing
them as "ambiguously live".

The change is made in order.c, which was already in charge of
introducing temporaries to preserve the order-of-evaluation
guarantees. Now its job has expanded to include introducing
temporaries as needed by runtime routines, and then also
inserting the VARKILL annotations for all these temporaries,
so that their lifetimes can be shortened.

In order to do its job for the map runtime routines, order.c arranges
that all map lookups or map assignments have the form:

        x = m[k]
        x, y = m[k]
        m[k] = x

where x, y, and k are simple variables (often temporaries).
Likewise, receiving from a channel is now always:

        x = <-c

In order to provide the map guarantee, order.c is responsible for
rewriting x op= y into x = x op y, so that m[k] += z becomes

        t = m[k]
        t2 = t + z
        m[k] = t2

While here, fix a few bugs in order.c's traversal: it was failing to
walk into select and switch case bodies, so order of evaluation
guarantees were not preserved in those situations.
Added tests to test/reorder2.go.

Fixes #7671.

In gc/popt's temporary-merging optimization, allow merging
of temporaries with their address taken as long as the liveness
ranges do not intersect. (There is a good chance of that now
that we have VARKILL annotations to limit the liveness range.)

Explicitly killing temporaries cuts the number of ambiguously
live temporaries that must be zeroed in the godoc binary from
860 to 711, or -17%. There is more work to be done, but this
is a good checkpoint.

Update #7345

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81940043

GODEBUG=allocfreetrace=1:

The allocfreetrace=1 mode prints a stack trace for each block
allocated and freed, and also a stack trace for each garbage collection.

It was implemented by reusing the heap profiling support: if allocfreetrace=1
then the heap profile was effectively running at 1 sample per 1 byte allocated
(always sample). The stack being shown at allocation was the stack gathered
for profiling, meaning it was derived only from the program counters and
did not include information about function arguments or frame pointers.
The stack being shown at free was the allocation stack, not the free stack.
If you are generating this log, you can find the allocation stack yourself, but
it can be useful to see exactly the sequence that led to freeing the block:
was it the garbage collector or an explicit free? Now that the garbage collector
runs on an m0 stack, the stack trace for the garbage collector was never interesting.

Fix all these problems:

1. Decouple allocfreetrace=1 from heap profiling.
2. Print the standard goroutine stack traces instead of a custom format.
3. Print the stack trace at time of allocation for an allocation,
   and print the stack trace at time of free (not the allocation trace again)
   for a free.
4. Print all goroutine stacks at garbage collection. Having all the stacks
   means that you can see the exact point at which each goroutine was
   preempted, which is often useful for identifying liveness-related errors.

GODEBUG=gcdead=1:

This mode overwrites dead pointers with a poison value.
Detect the poison value as an invalid pointer during collection,
the same way that small integers are invalid pointers.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81670043

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81890044

Fixes #7562.

LGTM=nigeltao
R=nigeltao
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/81190044