makeFuncStub and methodValueStub are used by reflect as
generic function implementations. Each call might have
different arguments. Extract those arguments from the
closure data instead of assuming it is the same each time.

Because the argument map is now being extracted from the
function itself, we don't need the special cases in reflect.Call
anymore, so delete those.

Fixes an occasional crash seen when stack copying does
not update makeFuncStub's arguments correctly.

Will also help make it safe to require stack maps in the
garbage collector.

Derived from CL 142000044 by khr.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/143890044

The pid field in the Tos structure is a 32-bit value.
Loading a 64-bit word also brings in the next field
which is used for the profiling clock.

LGTM=0intro, aram
R=rsc, 0intro, aram
CC=golang-codereviews, mischief
https://golang.org/cl/139560044

That's what defines GO_ARGS.

TBR=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141460043

Before, Syscall and friends were having their arguments
treated conservatively. Now they will use the Go prototype,
which will mean the arguments are not considered pointers
at all.

This is safe because of CL 139360044.

The fact that all these non-Solaris systems were using
conservative scanning of the Syscall arguments is why
the failure that prompted CL 139360044 was only
observed on Solaris, which does something completely different.
If we'd done this earlier, we'd have seen the Solaris
failure in more places.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/144730043

The goal here is to allow assembly functions to appear in the middle
of a Go stack (having called other code) and still record enough information
about their pointers so that stack copying and garbage collection can handle
them precisely. Today, these frames are handled only conservatively.

If you write

        func myfunc(x *float64) (y *int)

(with no body, an 'extern' declaration), then the Go compiler now emits
a liveness bitmap for use from the assembly definition of myfunc.
The bitmap symbol is myfunc.args_stackmap and it contains two bitmaps.
The first bitmap, in effect at function entry, marks all inputs as live.
The second bitmap, not in effect at function entry, marks the outputs
live as well.

In funcdata.h, define new assembly macros:

GO_ARGS opts in to using the Go compiler-generated liveness bitmap
for the current function.

GO_RESULTS_INITIALIZED indicates that the results have been initialized
and need to be kept live for the remainder of the function; it causes a
switch to the second generated bitmap for the assembly code that follows.

NO_LOCAL_POINTERS indicates that there are no pointers in the
local variables being stored in the function's stack frame.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/137520043

Tests will come in a separate CL after the funcdata stuff is resolved.

Update #8696

LGTM=iant, rsc
R=rsc, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/138330045

Making the child's process group the foreground process group and
placing the child in a specific process group involves co-ordination
between the parent and child that must be done post-fork but pre-exec.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, iant, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/131750044

Generated by a+c.

R=gobot
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/140570043

Fixes #8706

LGTM=josharian
R=josharian
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/143880043

Fixes #8705.

LGTM=adg
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, adg
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/142890044

Just go ahead and do it, if something is wrong we'll throw.

Also rip out cc-generated arg ptr maps, they are useless now.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/133690045

Replacing gosched with Gosched broke some builds because
some of the call sites are at times when the stack cannot be grown.

TBR=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/142000043

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/134520044

Details: Until now, when we saw a key:value pair that fit onto
a single line, we assumed that it should be formatted with a
vtab after the ':' for alignment of its value. This leads to
odd behavior if there are more than one such pair on a line.
This CL changes the behavior such that alignment is only used
for the first pair on a line. This preserves existing behavior
(in the std lib we have composite literals where the last line
contains multiple entries and the first entry's value is aligned
with the values on previous lines), and resolves this issue.

No impact on formatting of std lib, go.tools, go.exp, go.net.

Fixes #8685.

LGTM=adonovan
R=adonovan
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/139430043

Fixes #8184.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/137510043

A write *p = x that needs a write barrier (not all do)
now turns into runtime.writebarrierptr(p, x)
or one of the other variants.

The write barrier implementations are trivial.
The goal here is to emit the calls in the correct places
and to incur the cost of those function calls in the Go 1.4 cycle.

Performance on the Go 1 benchmark suite below.
Remember, the goal is to slow things down (and be correct).

We will look into optimizations in separate CLs, as part of
the process of comparing Go 1.3 against tip in order to make
sure Go 1.4 runs at least as fast as Go 1.3.

benchmark                          old ns/op      new ns/op      delta
BenchmarkBinaryTree17              3118336716     3452876110     +10.73%
BenchmarkFannkuch11                3184497677     3211552284     +0.85%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfEmpty           89.9           107            +19.02%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfString          236            287            +21.61%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfInt             246            278            +13.01%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfIntInt          395            458            +15.95%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfPrefixedInt     343            378            +10.20%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfFloat           477            525            +10.06%
BenchmarkFmtManyArgs               1446           1707           +18.05%
BenchmarkGobDecode                 14398047       14685958       +2.00%
BenchmarkGobEncode                 12557718       12947104       +3.10%
BenchmarkGzip                      453462345      472413285      +4.18%
BenchmarkGunzip                    114226016      115127398      +0.79%
BenchmarkHTTPClientServer          114689         112122         -2.24%
BenchmarkJSONEncode                24914536       26135942       +4.90%
BenchmarkJSONDecode                86832877       103620289      +19.33%
BenchmarkMandelbrot200             4833452        4898780        +1.35%
BenchmarkGoParse                   4317976        4835474        +11.98%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_32       150            166            +10.67%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_1K       393            402            +2.29%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_32       125            142            +13.60%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_1K       1010           1236           +22.38%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_32      232            301            +29.74%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_1K      76963          102721         +33.47%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_32        3833           5463           +42.53%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_1K        119668         161614         +35.05%
BenchmarkRevcomp                   763449047      706768534      -7.42%
BenchmarkTemplate                  124954724      134834549      +7.91%
BenchmarkTimeParse                 517            511            -1.16%
BenchmarkTimeFormat                501            514            +2.59%

benchmark                         old MB/s     new MB/s     speedup
BenchmarkGobDecode                53.31        52.26        0.98x
BenchmarkGobEncode                61.12        59.28        0.97x
BenchmarkGzip                     42.79        41.08        0.96x
BenchmarkGunzip                   169.88       168.55       0.99x
BenchmarkJSONEncode               77.89        74.25        0.95x
BenchmarkJSONDecode               22.35        18.73        0.84x
BenchmarkGoParse                  13.41        11.98        0.89x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_32      213.30       191.72       0.90x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_1K      2603.92      2542.74      0.98x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_32      254.00       224.93       0.89x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_1K      1013.53      827.98       0.82x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_32     4.30         3.31         0.77x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_1K     13.30        9.97         0.75x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_32       8.35         5.86         0.70x
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_1K       8.56         6.34         0.74x
BenchmarkRevcomp                  332.92       359.62       1.08x
BenchmarkTemplate                 15.53        14.39        0.93x

LGTM=rlh
R=rlh
CC=dvyukov, golang-codereviews, iant, khr, r
https://golang.org/cl/136380043

The uses of onM in dopanic/startpanic are okay even from the signal stack.

Fixes #8666.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/134710043

The previous implementation used per-socket TCP keepalive options
wrong. For example, it used another level socket option to control
TCP and it didn't use TCP_KEEPINTVL option when possible.

Fixes #8683.
Fixes #8701.
Update #8679

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/136480043

LGTM=bradfitz, iant
R=iant, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/140510043

They will both need write barriers at some point.
But until then, no reason why we shouldn't share.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141330043

LGTM=iant
R=rsc, 0intro, alex.brainman, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/140460044

The previous implementation had several subtle issues.  It's not
clear if any of these could actually be causing the flakiness
problems on openbsd/386, but fixing them should only help.

1. thrsleep() is implemented internally as unlock, then test *abort
(if abort != nil), then tsleep().  Under the current code, that makes
it theoretically possible that semasleep()/thrsleep() could release
waitsemalock, then a racing semawakeup() could acquire the lock,
increment waitsemacount, and call thrwakeup()/wakeup() before
thrsleep() reaches tsleep().  (In practice, OpenBSD's big kernel lock
seems unlikely to let this actually happen.)

The proper way to avoid this is to pass &waitsemacount as the abort
pointer to thrsleep so thrsleep knows to re-check it before going to
sleep, and to wakeup if it's non-zero.  Then we avoid any races.
(I actually suspect openbsd's sema{sleep,wakeup}() could be further
simplified using cas/xadd instead of locks, but I don't want to be
more intrusive than necessary so late in the 1.4 release cycle.)

2. semasleep() takes a relative sleep duration, but thrsleep() needs
an absolute sleep deadline.  Instead of recomputing the deadline each
iteration, compute it once up front and use (*Timespec)(nil) to signify
no deadline.  Ensures we retry properly if there's a spurious wakeup.

3. Instead of assuming if thrsleep() woke up and waitsemacount wasn't
available that we must have hit the deadline, check that the system
call returned EWOULDBLOCK.

4. Instead of assuming that 64-bit systems are little-endian, compute
timediv() using a temporary int32 nsec and then assign it to tv_nsec.

LGTM=iant
R=jsing, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/137960043

A race exists between the parent and child processes after a fork.
The child needs to access the new M pointer passed as an argument
but the parent may have already returned and clobbered it.

Previously, we avoided this by saving the necessary data into
registers before the rfork system call but this isn't guaranteed
to work because Plan 9 makes no promises about the register state
after a system call. Only the 386 kernel seems to save them.
For amd64 and arm, this method won't work.

We eliminate the race by allocating stack space for the scheduler
goroutines (g0) in the per-process copy-on-write stack segment and
by only calling rfork on the scheduler stack.

LGTM=aram, 0intro, rsc
R=aram, 0intro, mischief, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/110680044

Move timenow thunk into time.s
Move declarations for generic c/asm services into stubs.go

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/137360043

Fixes #8688

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, rsc, khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/135660043

The only thing I can see that is really Plan 9-specific
is that the stack pointer used for signal handling used
to have more mapped memory above it.
Specifically it used to have at most 88 bytes (StackTop),
so change the allocation of a 40-byte frame to a 128-byte frame.

No idea if this will work, but worth a try.

Note that "fix" here means get it back to timing out
instead of crashing.

TBR=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/142840043

The difference between the old and the new (from earlier) code
is that we set stackguard = stack.lo + StackGuard, while the old
code set stackguard = stack.lo. That 512 bytes appears to be
the difference between the profileloop function running and not running.

We don't know how big the system stack is, but it is likely MUCH bigger than 4k.
Give Go/C 8k.

TBR=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/140440044

Start the stack a few words below the actual top, so that
if something tries to read goexit's caller PC from the stack,
it won't fault on a bad memory address.
Today, heapdump does that.
Maybe tomorrow, traceback or something else will do that.
Make it not a bug.

TBR=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/136450043

For -mode=atomic, we need to read the counters
using an atomic load to avoid a race. Not worth worrying
about when -mode=atomic is set during generation
of the profile, so we use atomic loads always.

Fixes #8630.

LGTM=rsc
R=dvyukov, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141800043

With new interface allocation rules, the old counts were wrong and
so was the commentary.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/142760044

Space is not a control character.

Fixes #8571.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/137380043

No promise about correctness, but they do build.

TBR=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/143720043

Commit to stack copying for stack growth.

We're carrying around a surprising amount of cruft from older schemes.
I am confident that precise stack scans and stack copying are here to stay.

Delete fallback code for when precise stack info is disabled.
Delete fallback code for when copying stacks is disabled.
Delete fallback code for when StackCopyAlways is disabled.
Delete Stktop chain - there is only one stack segment now.
Delete M.moreargp, M.moreargsize, M.moreframesize, M.cret.
Delete G.writenbuf (unrelated, just dead).
Delete runtime.lessstack, runtime.oldstack.
Delete many amd64 morestack variants.
Delete initialization of morestack frame/arg sizes (shortens split prologue!).

Replace G's stackguard/stackbase/stack0/stacksize/
syscallstack/syscallguard/forkstackguard with simple stack
bounds (lo, hi).

Update liblink, runtime/cgo for adjustments to G.

LGTM=khr
R=khr, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, r
https://golang.org/cl/137410043

I have found better approach, then longer wait.
See CL 134360043 for details.

««« original CL description
runtime/pprof: adjust cpuHogger so that tests pass on windows builders

LGTM=rsc
R=dvyukov, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/140110043

»»»

LGTM=dave
R=golang-codereviews, dave, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/133500043

I assumed they were the same when I wrote
cgocallback.go earlier today. Merge them
to eliminate confusion.

I can't tell what gomallocgc did before with
a nil type but without FlagNoScan.
I created a call like that in cgocallback.go
this morning, translating from a C file.
It was supposed to do what the C version did,
namely treat the block conservatively.
Now it will.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141810043

It already is updating parts of them; we're just getting lucky
retraversing them and not finding much to do.
Change argp to a pointer so that it will be updated too.
Existing tests break if you apply the change to adjustpanics
without also updating the type of argp.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/139380043

Like https://golang.org/cl/139360044

LGTM=rsc, alex.brainman
R=alex.brainman, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/138250043

This change brings the iter/delete pattern down to O(n lgn) from O(n^2).

Fixes #8412.

before:
BenchmarkMapPop100	   50000	     32498 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop1000	     500	   3244851 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop10000	       5	 270276855 ns/op

after:
BenchmarkMapPop100	  100000	     16169 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop1000	    5000	    300416 ns/op
BenchmarkMapPop10000	     300	   5990814 ns/op

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant, khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141270043

src/pkg -> src

LGTM=alex.brainman
R=alex.brainman
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/139400043

It worked at CL 134660043 on the builders,
so I believe it will stick this time.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=khr, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/141280043