Globals, function arguments, and results are special cases in
registerization.

Globals must be flushed aggressively, because nearly any
operation can cause a panic, and the recovery code must see
the latest values. Globals also must be loaded aggressively,
because nearly any store through a pointer might be updating a
global: the compiler cannot see all the "address of"
operations on globals, especially exported globals. To
accomplish this, mark all globals as having their address
taken, which effectively disables registerization.

If a function contains a defer statement, the function results
must be flushed aggressively, because nearly any operation can
cause a panic, and the deferred code may call recover, causing
the original function to return the current values of its
function results. To accomplish this, mark all function
results as having their address taken if the function contains
any defer statements. This causes not just aggressive flushing
but also aggressive loading. The aggressive loading is
overkill but the best we can do in the current code.

Function arguments must be considered live at all safe points
in a function, because garbage collection always preserves
them: they must be up-to-date in order to be preserved
correctly. Accomplish this by marking them live at all call
sites. An earlier attempt at this marked function arguments as
having their address taken, which disabled registerization
completely, making programs slower. This CL's solution allows
registerization while preserving safety. The benchmark speedup
is caused by being able to registerize again (the earlier CL
lost the same amount).

benchmark                old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkEqualPort32     61.4          56.0          -8.79%

benchmark                old MB/s     new MB/s     speedup
BenchmarkEqualPort32     521.56       570.97       1.09x

Fixes #1304. (again)
Fixes #7944. (again)
Fixes #7984.
Fixes #7995.

LGTM=khr
R=golang-codereviews, khr
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, r
https://golang.org/cl/97500044

Do not compare nil and true.

Fixes #7996.

LGTM=r
R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/91470043

The function takes 32 bytes of arguments: 8 for the *block
and then 3*8 for the slice.

The 24 is not causing a bug (today at least) because the
final word is the cap of the slice, which the assembly
does not use.

Identified by 'go vet std'.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96360043

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100440045

Fixes #7406.

LGTM=r
R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/97440043

fixes windows build

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/97500043

Turns out elf.File.Sections is indexed by the actual
section number, not the number minus one.
I don't know why I thought the -1 was necessary.

Fixes objdump test (and therefore build) on ELF systems.

While we're here, fix bounds on gnuDump so that we
don't crash when asked to disassemble outside
the text segment. May fix Windows build or at least
make the failure more interesting.

TBR=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92390043

Implement the changes as suggested by rsc.
Fixes #6670.

LGTM=josharian, iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant, josharian, mikioh.mikioh, alex, gobot
CC=golang-codereviews, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/83690045

There is some duplication here with cmd/nm.
There is a TODO to address that after 1.3 is out.

Update #7452

x86 disassembly works and is tested.

The arm disassembler does not exist yet
and is therefore not yet hooked up.

LGTM=crawshaw, iant
R=crawshaw, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/91360046

The x86 disassembler lives in rsc.io/x86/x86asm for now.
We need to figure out what should live where in the long term,
but not before the 1.3 release.

The completed code reviews for the disassembler are at:
https://golang.org/cl/95350044
https://golang.org/cl/95300044
https://golang.org/cl/97100047
https://golang.org/cl/93110044
https://golang.org/cl/99000043
https://golang.org/cl/98990043

LGTM=crawshaw
R=crawshaw, jacek.masiulaniec
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92360043

Generated by addca.

R=gobot
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92380043

Seems like we need to drag the stack for <autogenerated>:1 on Plan 9.

See http://build.golang.org/log/283b996102b833dd81c58301d78aceaa4fe9838b.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/95390043

Make it a little clearer how they are used, in particular that
it is not enough just to return a nil pointer on error, but also
to return an error value explaining the problem.

Fixes #1963.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/97360045

- use previously defined terms (with links) throughout
- specify evaluation order more precisely (in particular,
  the evaluation time of rhs expressions in receive cases
  was not specified)
- added extra example case

Not a language change.

Description matches observed behavior of code compiled
with gc and gccgo.

Fixes #7669.

LGTM=iant, r, rsc
R=r, rsc, iant, ken, josharian
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/91230043

Do not use ustar format if we need the GNU one.
Change \000 to \x00 for consistency
Check for "ustar\x00" instead of "ustar\x00\x00" for conistency with tar
and compatiblity with archive generated with older code (which was ustar\x00\x20\x00)
Add test for long name + big file.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/99050043

AddressSanitizer says:

AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x60200001b6f3
READ of size 6 at 0x60200001b6f3 thread T0
    #0 0x46741b in __interceptor_memcmp asan_interceptors.cc:337
    #1 0x4b5794 in compile src/cmd/6g/../gc/pgen.c:177
    #2 0x509b81 in funccompile src/cmd/gc/dcl.c:1457
    #3 0x520fe2 in p9main src/cmd/gc/lex.c:489
    #4 0x5e2e01 in main src/lib9/main.c:57
    #5 0x7fab81f7976c in __libc_start_main /build/buildd/eglibc-2.15/csu/libc-start.c:226
    #6 0x4b16dc in _start (pkg/tool/linux_amd64/6g+0x4b16dc)

0x60200001b6f3 is located 0 bytes to the right of 3-byte region [0x60200001b6f0,0x60200001b6f3)
allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x493ec8 in __interceptor_malloc asan_malloc_linux.cc:75
    #1 0x54d64e in mal src/cmd/gc/subr.c:459
    #2 0x5260d5 in yylex src/cmd/gc/lex.c:1605
    #3 0x52078f in p9main src/cmd/gc/lex.c:402
    #4 0x5e2e01 in main src/lib9/main.c:57

If the memory block happens to be at the end of hunk and page bounadry,
this out-of-bounds can lead to a crash.

LGTM=dave, iant
R=golang-codereviews, dave, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/93370043

Fixes #7974.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/95320043

The code recurs very deeply in cases like (?:x{1,1000}){1,1000}
Since if much time is spent checking whether one pass is possible, it's not
worth doing at all, a simple fix is proposed: Stop if the check takes too long.
To do this, we simply avoid machines with >1000 instructions.

Benchmarks show a percent or less change either way, effectively zero.

Fixes #7608.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92290043

If a map variable is created with reflect.New it has incorrect type (map[unsafe.Pointer]unsafe.Pointer).
If GC follows such pointer, it scans Hmap and buckets with incorrect type.
This can lead to overscan of up to 120 bytes for map[int8]struct{}.
Which in turn can lead to crash if the memory after a bucket object is unaddressable
or false retention (buckets are scanned as arrays of unsafe.Pointer).
I don't see how it can lead to heap corruptions, though.

LGTM=khr
R=rsc, khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96270044

mstats.last_gc is unix time now, it is compared with abstract monotonic time.
On my machine GC is forced every 5 mins regardless of last_gc.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/91350045

Fixes subrepo builds.

LGTM=iant, mikioh.mikioh
R=golang-codereviews, iant, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96310043

I have no test case for this at tip.
The original report included a program crashing at revision 88ac7297d2fa.
I tested this code at that revision and it does fix the crash.
However, at tip the reported code no longer crashes, presumably
because some allocation patterns have changed. I believe the
bug is still present at tip and that this code still fixes it.

Fixes #7143.

LGTM=alex.brainman
R=golang-codereviews, alex.brainman
CC=dvyukov, golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96300046

Fixes #7560.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96300045

Replaces CL 91240045.
Fixes #7809.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, minux.ma
CC=adg, bradfitz, golang-codereviews, iant, r
https://golang.org/cl/94380043

Originally it was an error, which made perfect sense, but in issue 2540
I got talked out of this sensible behavior. I'm not thrilled with the "new"
behavior but it's been there since Go 1.1 so we're stuck with it now.

Fixes #6724.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100430043

This changes allows the first token encoded to be a xml declaration. A ProcInst with target of xml. Any other ProcInst after that with a target of xml will fail

Fixes #7380.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/72410043

Generated by addca.

R=gobot
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100410045

Fixes #7888

LGTM=adg
R=adg
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100420043

Fixes race build.

TBR=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100410044

The inputs to a function are marked live at all times in the
liveness bitmaps, so that the garbage collector will not free
the things they point at and reuse the pointers, so that the
pointers shown in stack traces are guaranteed not to have
been recycled.

Unfortunately, no one told the register optimizer that the
inputs need to be preserved at all call sites. If a function
is done with a particular input value, the optimizer will stop
preserving it across calls. For single-word values this just
means that the value recorded might be stale. For multi-word
values like slices, the value recorded could be only partially stale:
it can happen that, say, the cap was updated but not the len,
or that the len was updated but not the base pointer.
Either of these possibilities (and others) would make the
garbage collector misinterpret memory, leading to memory
corruption.

This came up in a real program, in which the garbage collector's
'slice len ≤ slice cap' check caught the inconsistency.

Fixes #7944.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews, khr
https://golang.org/cl/100370045

This is joint work with Daniel Morsing.

In order for the register allocator to alias two variables, they must have the same width, stack offset, and etype. Code generation was altering a variable's etype in a few places. This prevented the variable from being moved to a register, which in turn prevented peephole optimization. This failure to alias was very common, with almost 23,000 instances just running make.bash.

This phenomenon was not visible in the register allocation debug output because the variables that failed to alias had the same name. The debugging-only change to bits.c fixes this by printing the variable number with its name.

This CL fixes the source of all etype mismatches for 6g, all but one case for 8g, and depressingly few cases for 5g. (I believe that extending CL 6819083 to 5g is a prerequisite.) Fixing the remaining cases in 8g and 5g is work for the future.

The etype mismatch fixes are:

* [gc] Slicing changed the type of the base pointer into a uintptr in order to perform arithmetic on it. Instead, support addition directly on pointers.

* [*g] OSPTR was giving type uintptr to slice base pointers; undo that. This arose, for example, while compiling copy(dst, src).

* [8g] 64 bit float conversion was assigning int64 type during codegen, overwriting the existing uint64 type.

Note that some etype mismatches are appropriate, such as a struct with a single field or an array with a single element.

With these fixes, the number of registerizations that occur while running make.bash for 6g increases ~10%. Hello world binary size shrinks ~1.5%. Running all benchmarks in the standard library show performance improvements ranging from nominal to substantive (>10%); a full comparison using 6g on my laptop is available at https://gist.github.com/josharian/8f9b5beb46667c272064. The microbenchmarks must be taken with a grain of salt; see issue 7920. The few benchmarks that show real regressions are likely due to issue 7920. I manually examined the generated code for the top few regressions and none had any assembly output changes. The few benchmarks that show extraordinary improvements are likely also due to issue 7920.

Performance results from 8g appear similar to 6g.

5g shows no performance improvements. This is not surprising, given the discussion above.

Update #7316

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc, daniel.morsing, bradfitz
CC=dave, golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/91850043

The runtime was detecting the cycle already,
but we can give a better error without even
building the binary.

Fixes #7789.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96290043

This change requires using SWIG version 3.0 or later.  Earlier
versions of SWIG do not generate the pragmas required to use
the external linker.

Fixes #7155.
Fixes #7156.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/97120046

Fixes #7931.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100390044

Prevent idle transport on race condition.

Fixes #7847

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96230044

Generated by addca.

R=gobot
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/100390045

Before we used line 1 of the first source file.
This should be clearer.

Fixes #4388.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92250044

<enter reason for undo>

««« original CL description
net: make use of SO_LINGER_SEC on darwin

Fixes #7971.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92210044
»»»

TBR=iant
R=golang-codereviews
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96220049

Fixes #7971.

LGTM=iant
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/92210044

Fixes #7915.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/96210044