When the linker was written in C, command line arguments were passed
around as null-terminated byte arrays which encouraged checking
characters one at a time. In Go, that can easily lead to
out-of-bounds panics.

Use the more idiomatic strings.HasPrefix when checking cmd/link's -B
argument to avoid the panic, and replace the manual hex decode with
use of the encoding/hex package.

Fixes #14636

Change-Id: I45f765bbd8cf796fee1a9a3496178bf76b117827
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20211
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>