Increases performance of FieldsFunc by recording the start and end
of the fields in an array. The first 32 fields are saved in a pre-allocated
array on the stack. This avoids the old behavior of iterating over the
input string two times but uses more allocations when more than 32 fields
are encountered.

Additionally code for handling non-ASCII containing strings from Fields is
removed and replaced by a call to the new faster FieldsFunc function.

Overall this still leads to a slowdown for Fields on non-ASCII strings
while speeding up Fields in general.

name                      old time/op    new time/op     delta
Fields/ASCII/16              116ns ± 5%      115ns ± 5%       ~     (p=0.480 n=10+10)
Fields/ASCII/256             765ns ± 1%      761ns ± 2%       ~     (p=0.171 n=10+10)
Fields/ASCII/4096           12.5µs ± 1%     12.7µs ± 1%     +1.82%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Fields/ASCII/65536           226µs ± 1%      226µs ± 2%       ~     (p=0.739 n=10+10)
Fields/ASCII/1048576        5.12ms ± 1%     5.12ms ± 1%       ~     (p=0.696 n=8+10)
Fields/Mixed/16              172ns ± 1%      233ns ± 1%    +35.90%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
Fields/Mixed/256            1.18µs ± 2%     2.45µs ± 1%   +107.47%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Fields/Mixed/4096           20.3µs ± 1%     43.1µs ± 2%   +112.41%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Fields/Mixed/65536           364µs ± 1%      704µs ± 1%    +93.56%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)
Fields/Mixed/1048576        7.07ms ± 2%    13.34ms ± 4%    +88.83%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/ASCII/16          274ns ± 1%      188ns ± 3%    -31.44%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/ASCII/256        3.69µs ± 1%     2.06µs ± 2%    -44.26%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/ASCII/4096       59.9µs ± 1%     35.3µs ± 2%    -41.10%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/ASCII/65536       958µs ± 1%      567µs ± 1%    -40.82%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
FieldsFunc/ASCII/1048576    16.3ms ± 2%     11.0ms ± 3%    -32.52%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/Mixed/16          309ns ± 1%      213ns ± 0%    -30.98%  (p=0.000 n=10+6)
FieldsFunc/Mixed/256        3.83µs ± 1%     2.14µs ± 1%    -44.01%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/Mixed/4096       66.2µs ± 2%     37.8µs ± 1%    -42.85%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/Mixed/65536      1.09ms ± 1%     0.63ms ± 1%    -42.73%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
FieldsFunc/Mixed/1048576    18.6ms ± 3%     12.0ms ± 2%    -35.50%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Fixes #17856
Fixes #19789

Change-Id: I9f5a560e534566fd81963651f342c8f44cfb0469
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/42810Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>