The existing implementation falls back to using image.At()
for each pixel when encoding an *image.YCbCr which is
inefficient and causes many memory allocations.

This change makes the jpeg encoder directly read Y, Cb, and Cr
pixel values.

benchmark                  old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkEncodeYCbCr-4     43990846      24201148      -44.99%

benchmark                  old MB/s     new MB/s     speedup
BenchmarkEncodeYCbCr-4     20.95        38.08        1.82x

Fixes #18487

Change-Id: Iaf2ebc646997e3e1fffa5335f1b0d642e15bd453
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34773
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Nigel Tao <nigeltao@golang.org>