This CL reduces allocations when a context
created with WithCancel either

(1) never has its Done channel used or
(2) gets cancelled before its Done channel is used

This is not uncommon. Many contexts are created
for tasks that end up not using them.

name                                                old time/op    new time/op    delta
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=Background-8            112ns ± 2%      74ns ± 1%  -34.03%  (p=0.000 n=17+18)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=OpenCanceler-8          601ns ± 3%     544ns ± 1%   -9.56%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=ClosedCanceler-8        367ns ± 4%     257ns ± 1%  -30.01%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=Background-8          2.91µs ± 2%    2.87µs ± 0%   -1.38%  (p=0.000 n=20+18)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=OpenCanceler-8        4.36µs ± 2%    4.26µs ± 1%   -2.34%  (p=0.000 n=20+18)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=ClosedCanceler-8      2.02µs ± 2%    1.51µs ± 1%  -25.18%  (p=0.000 n=19+19)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=Background-8         30.5µs ± 6%    30.5µs ± 1%     ~     (p=0.941 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=OpenCanceler-8       39.8µs ± 1%    41.1µs ± 1%   +3.15%  (p=0.000 n=18+19)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=ClosedCanceler-8     17.8µs ± 1%    13.9µs ± 1%  -21.61%  (p=0.000 n=18+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=Background-8         302µs ± 1%     313µs ± 0%   +3.62%  (p=0.000 n=20+18)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=OpenCanceler-8       412µs ± 2%     427µs ± 1%   +3.55%  (p=0.000 n=18+19)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=ClosedCanceler-8     178µs ± 1%     139µs ± 1%  -21.80%  (p=0.000 n=19+17)

name                                                old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=Background-8             176B ± 0%       80B ± 0%  -54.55%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=OpenCanceler-8           544B ± 0%      448B ± 0%  -17.65%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=ClosedCanceler-8         352B ± 0%      160B ± 0%  -54.55%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=Background-8          3.49kB ± 0%    3.39kB ± 0%   -2.75%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=OpenCanceler-8        3.86kB ± 0%    3.76kB ± 0%   -2.49%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=ClosedCanceler-8      1.94kB ± 0%    0.88kB ± 0%  -54.55%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=Background-8         36.6kB ± 0%    36.5kB ± 0%   -0.26%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=OpenCanceler-8       37.0kB ± 0%    36.9kB ± 0%   -0.26%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=ClosedCanceler-8     17.8kB ± 0%     8.1kB ± 0%  -54.55%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=Background-8         368kB ± 0%     368kB ± 0%   -0.03%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=OpenCanceler-8       368kB ± 0%     368kB ± 0%   -0.03%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=ClosedCanceler-8     176kB ± 0%      80kB ± 0%  -54.55%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)

name                                                old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=Background-8             3.00 ± 0%      2.00 ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=OpenCanceler-8           8.00 ± 0%      7.00 ± 0%  -12.50%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1/Root=ClosedCanceler-8         6.00 ± 0%      4.00 ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=Background-8            48.0 ± 0%      47.0 ± 0%   -2.08%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=OpenCanceler-8          53.0 ± 0%      52.0 ± 0%   -1.89%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=10/Root=ClosedCanceler-8        33.0 ± 0%      22.0 ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=Background-8            498 ± 0%       497 ± 0%   -0.20%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=OpenCanceler-8          503 ± 0%       502 ± 0%   -0.20%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=100/Root=ClosedCanceler-8        303 ± 0%       202 ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=Background-8         5.00k ± 0%     5.00k ± 0%   -0.02%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=OpenCanceler-8       5.00k ± 0%     5.00k ± 0%   -0.02%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)
ContextCancelTree/depth=1000/Root=ClosedCanceler-8     3.00k ± 0%     2.00k ± 0%  -33.33%  (p=0.000 n=20+20)

Change-Id: Ibd7a0c3d5c847861cf1497f8fead34329413d26d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34979
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Sameer Ajmani <sameer@golang.org>