The code already handled high widths but not high precisions.
Also make sure it handles the harder cases of %U.

Fixes #10745.

Change-Id: Ib4d394d49a9941eeeaff866dc59d80483e312a98
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/9769Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>