Commit f849de19 authored by Robert Leenders's avatar Robert Leenders

Adds Wordpress example

parent 701f5945
# Wordpress Example
Welcome to the Wordpress example. It shows you how to deploy a Wordpress application using Deployment Manager.
## Prerequisites
### Deployment Manager
First, make sure DM is installed in your Kubernetes cluster by following the instructions in the top level
[README.md](../../README.md).
### Google Cloud Resources
The Wordpress application will make use of several persistent disks, which we will host on Google Cloud. To create these disks we will create a deployment using Google Cloud Deployment Manager:
```gcloud deployment-manager deployments create wordpress-resources --config wordpress-resources.yaml```
where `wordpress-resources.yaml` looks as follows:
```
resources:
- name: nfs-disk
type: compute.v1.disk
properties:
zone: us-central1-b
sizeGb: 200
- name: mysql-disk
type: compute.v1.disk
properties:
zone: us-central1-b
sizeGb: 200
```
### Privileged containers
To use NFS we need to be able to launch privileged containers. Since the release of Kubernetes 1.1 privileged container support is enabled by default. If your Kubernetes cluster doesn't support privileged containers you need to manually change this by setting the flag at `kubernetes/saltbase/pillar/privilege.sls` to true.
### NFS Library
Mounting NFS volumes requires NFS libraries. Since the release of Kubernetes 1.1 the NFS libraries are installed by default. If they are not installed on your Kubernetes cluster you need to install them manually.
## Understanding the Wordpress example template
Let's take a closer look at the template used by the Wordpress example. The Wordpress application consists of 4 microservices: an nginx service, a wordpress-php service, a MySQL service, and an NFS service. The architecture looks as follows:
![Architecture](architecture.png)
### Variables
The template contains the following variables:
```
{% set PROPERTIES = properties or {} %}
{% set PROJECT = PROPERTIES['project'] or 'dm-k8s-testing' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER = PROPERTIES['nfs-server'] or {} %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_IP = NFS_SERVER['ip'] or '10.0.253.247' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_PORT = NFS_SERVER['port'] or 2049 %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_DISK = NFS_SERVER['disk'] or 'nfs-disk' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE = NFS_SERVER['fstype'] or 'ext4' %}
{% set NGINX = PROPERTIES['nginx'] or {} %}
{% set NGINX_PORT = 80 %}
{% set NGINX_REPLICAS = NGINX['replicas'] or 2 %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP = PROPERTIES['wordpress-php'] or {} %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP_REPLICAS = WORDPRESS_PHP['replicas'] or 2 %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT = WORDPRESS_PHP['port'] or 9000 %}
{% set MYSQL = PROPERTIES['mysql'] or {} %} {% set MYSQL_PORT = MYSQL['port'] or 3306 %} {% set MYSQL_PASSWORD = MYSQL['password'] or 'mysql-password' %} {% set MYSQL_DISK = MYSQL['disk'] or 'mysql-disk' %} {% set MYSQL_DISK_FSTYPE = MYSQL['fstype'] or 'ext4' %}
```
### Nginx service
The nginx service is a replicated service with 2 replicas:
```
- name: nginx
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_port: {{ NGINX_PORT }}
container_port: {{ NGINX_PORT }}
replicas: {{ NGINX_REPLICAS }}
external_service: true
image: gcr.io/{{ PROJECT }}/nginx:latest
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/www/html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: nfs
```
The nginx image builds upon the standard nginx image and simply copies a custom configuration file.
### Wordpress-php service
The wordpress-php service is a replicated service with 2 replicas:
```
- name: wordpress-php
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_name: wordpress-php
service_port: {{ WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT }}
container_port: {{ WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT }}
replicas: 2
image: wordpress:fpm
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
value: {{ MYSQL_PASSWORD }}
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
value: mysql-service
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/www/html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: nfs
```
### MySQL service
The MySQL service is a replicated service with a single replica:
```
- name: mysql
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_port: {{ MYSQL_PORT }}
container_port: {{ MYSQL_PORT }}
replicas: 1
image: mysql:5.6
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: {{ MYSQL_PASSWORD }}
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/lib/mysql
gcePersistentDisk:
pdName: {{ MYSQL_DISK }}
fsType: {{ MYSQL_DISK_FSTYPE }}
```
### NFS service
The NFS service is a replicated service with a single replica that is available as a type:
```
- name: nfs
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/nfs/v1/nfs.jinja
properties:
ip: {{ NFS_SERVER_IP }}
port: {{ NFS_SERVER_PORT }}
disk: {{ NFS_SERVER_DISK }}
fstype: {{NFS_SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE }}
```
## Deploying Wordpress
We can now deploy Wordpress using:
```
dm deploy examples/wordpress/wordpress.yaml
```
where `wordpress.yaml` looks as follows:
```
imports:
- path: wordpress.jinja
resources:
- name: wordpress
type: wordpress.jinja
properties:
project: <YOUR PROJECT>
```
FROM nginx
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
.PHONY: all build push clean
DOCKER_REGISTRY = gcr.io
PREFIX = $(DOCKER_REGISTRY)/$(PROJECT)
IMAGE = nginx
TAG = latest
DIR = .
all: build
build:
docker build -t $(PREFIX)/$(IMAGE):$(TAG) $(DIR)
push: build
ifeq ($(DOCKER_REGISTRY),gcr.io)
gcloud docker push $(PREFIX)/$(IMAGE):$(TAG)
else
docker push $(PREFIX)/$(IMAGE):$(TAG)
endif
clean:
docker rmi $(PREFIX)/$(IMAGE):$(TAG)
upstream phpcgi {
server wordpress-php:9000;
}
server {
listen 80 ;
root /var/www/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name localhost;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
# With php5-cgi alone:
fastcgi_pass phpcgi;
# With php5-fpm:
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# Google Cloud Deployment Manager template
resources:
- name: nfs-disk
type: compute.v1.disk
properties:
zone: us-central1-b
sizeGb: 200
- name: mysql-disk
type: compute.v1.disk
properties:
zone: us-central1-b
sizeGb: 200
{% set PROPERTIES = properties or {} %}
{% set PROJECT = PROPERTIES['project'] or 'dm-k8s-testing' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER = PROPERTIES['nfs-server'] or {} %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_IP = NFS_SERVER['ip'] or '10.0.253.247' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_PORT = NFS_SERVER['port'] or 2049 %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_DISK = NFS_SERVER['disk'] or 'nfs-disk' %}
{% set NFS_SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE = NFS_SERVER['fstype'] or 'ext4' %}
{% set NGINX = PROPERTIES['nginx'] or {} %}
{% set NGINX_PORT = 80 %}
{% set NGINX_REPLICAS = NGINX['replicas'] or 2 %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP = PROPERTIES['wordpress-php'] or {} %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP_REPLICAS = WORDPRESS_PHP['replicas'] or 2 %}
{% set WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT = WORDPRESS_PHP['port'] or 9000 %}
{% set MYSQL = PROPERTIES['mysql'] or {} %}
{% set MYSQL_PORT = MYSQL['port'] or 3306 %}
{% set MYSQL_PASSWORD = MYSQL['password'] or 'mysql-password' %}
{% set MYSQL_DISK = MYSQL['disk'] or 'mysql-disk' %}
{% set MYSQL_DISK_FSTYPE = MYSQL['fstype'] or 'ext4' %}
resources:
- name: nfs
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/nfs/v1/nfs.jinja
properties:
ip: {{ NFS_SERVER_IP }}
port: {{ NFS_SERVER_PORT }}
disk: {{ NFS_SERVER_DISK }}
fstype: {{NFS_SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE }}
- name: nginx
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_port: {{ NGINX_PORT }}
container_port: {{ NGINX_PORT }}
replicas: {{ NGINX_REPLICAS }}
external_service: true
image: gcr.io/{{ PROJECT }}/nginx:latest
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/www/html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: nfs
- name: mysql
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_port: {{ MYSQL_PORT }}
container_port: {{ MYSQL_PORT }}
replicas: 1
image: mysql:5.6
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: {{ MYSQL_PASSWORD }}
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/lib/mysql
gcePersistentDisk:
pdName: {{ MYSQL_DISK }}
fsType: {{ MYSQL_DISK_FSTYPE }}
- name: wordpress-php
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_name: wordpress-php
service_port: {{ WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT }}
container_port: {{ WORDPRESS_PHP_PORT }}
replicas: 2
image: wordpress:fpm
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
value: {{ MYSQL_PASSWORD }}
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
value: mysql-service
volumes:
- mount_path: /var/www/html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: nfs
info:
title: Wordpress
description: |
Defines a Wordpress website by defining four replicated services: an NFS service, an nginx service, a wordpress-php service, and a MySQL service.
The nginx service and the Wordpress-php service both use NFS to share files.
properties:
project:
type: string
default: dm-k8s-testing
description: Project location to load the images from.
nfs-service:
type: object
properties:
ip:
type: string
default: 10.0.253.247
description: The IP of the NFS service.
port:
type: int
default: 2049
description: The port of the NFS service.
disk:
type: string
default: nfs-disk
description: The name of the persistent disk the NFS service uses.
fstype:
type: string
default: ext4
description: The filesystem the disk of the NFS service uses.
nginx:
type: object
properties:
replicas:
type: int
default: 2
description: The number of replicas for the nginx service.
wordpress-php:
type: object
properties:
replicas:
type: int
default: 2
description: The number of replicas for the wordpress-php service.
port:
type: int
default: 9000
description: The port the wordpress-php service runs on.
mysql:
type: object
properties:
port:
type: int
default: 3306
description: The port the MySQL service runs on.
password:
type: string
default: mysql-password
description: The root password of the MySQL service.
disk:
type: string
default: mysql-disk
description: The name of the persistent disk the MySQL service uses.
fstype:
type: string
default: ext4
description: The filesystem the disk of the MySQL service uses.
imports:
- path: wordpress.jinja
resources:
- name: wordpress
type: wordpress.jinja
...@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ var Primitives = map[string]bool{ ...@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ var Primitives = map[string]bool{
"Service": true, "Service": true,
"Namespace": true, "Namespace": true,
"Volume": true, "Volume": true,
"Endpoints": true,
"PersistentVolumeClaim": true,
"PersistentVolume": true,
} }
// SchemaImport represents an import as declared in a schema file. // SchemaImport represents an import as declared in a schema file.
......
{% set PROPERTIES = properties or {} %}
{% set SERVER_IP = PROPERTIES['ip'] or '10.0.253.247' %}
{% set SERVER_PORT = PROPERTIES['port'] or 2049 %}
{% set SERVER_DISK = PROPERTIES['disk'] or 'nfs-disk' %}
{% set SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE = PROPERTIES['fstype'] or 'ext4' %}
{% set CLAIM_NAME = PROPERTIES['claim-name'] or 'nfs' %}
resources:
- name: nfs
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leendersr/deployment-manager/master/templates/replicatedservice/v2/replicatedservice.py
properties:
service_port: {{ SERVER_PORT }}
container_port: {{ SERVER_PORT }}
replicas: 1 # Has to be 1 because of the persistent disk
image: gcr.io/google_containers/volume-nfs
privileged: true
cluster_ip: {{ SERVER_IP }}
volumes:
- mount_path: /mnt/data
gcePersistentDisk:
pdName: {{ SERVER_DISK }}
fsType: {{ SERVER_DISK_FSTYPE }}
- name: nfs-pvc
type: PersistentVolumeClaim
properties:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: {{ CLAIM_NAME }}
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Mi
- name: nfs-pv
type: PersistentVolume
properties:
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: {{ CLAIM_NAME }}
spec:
capacity:
storage: 1Mi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
nfs:
server: {{ SERVER_IP }}
path: "/"
info:
title: NFS
description: Defines an NFS service.
properties:
ip:
type: string
default: 10.0.253.247
description: The IP of the NFS service.
port:
type: int
default: 2049
description: The port of the NFS service.
disk:
type: string
default: nfs-disk
description: The name of the persistent disk the NFS service uses.
fstype:
type: string
default: ext4
description: The filesystem the disk of the NFS service uses.
claim-name:
type: string
default: nfs
description: The name of the PersistentVolumeClaim
- name: nfs
type: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leendersr/deployment-manager/master/templates/nfs/v1/nfs.jinja
"""Defines a ReplicatedService type by creating both a Service and an RC.
This module creates a typical abstraction for running a service in a
Kubernetes cluster, namely a replication controller and a service packaged
together into a single unit.
"""
import yaml
SERVICE_TYPE_COLLECTION = 'Service'
RC_TYPE_COLLECTION = 'ReplicationController'
def GenerateConfig(context):
"""Generates a Replication Controller and a matching Service.
Args:
context: Template context. See schema for context properties
Returns:
A Container Manifest as a YAML string.
"""
# YAML config that we're going to create for both RC & Service
config = {'resources': []}
name = context.env['name']
container_name = context.properties.get('container_name', name)
namespace = context.properties.get('namespace', 'default')
# Define things that the Service cares about
service_name = context.properties.get('service_name', name + '-service')
service_type = SERVICE_TYPE_COLLECTION
# Define things that the Replication Controller (rc) cares about
rc_name = context.properties.get('rc_name', name + '-rc')
rc_type = RC_TYPE_COLLECTION
service = {
'name': service_name,
'type': service_type,
'properties': {
'apiVersion': 'v1',
'kind': 'Service',
'namespace': namespace,
'metadata': {
'name': service_name,
'labels': GenerateLabels(context, service_name),
},
'spec': {
'ports': [GenerateServicePorts(context, container_name)],
'selector': GenerateLabels(context, name)
}
}
}
set_up_external_lb = context.properties.get('external_service', None)
if set_up_external_lb:
service['properties']['spec']['type'] = 'LoadBalancer'
cluster_ip = context.properties.get('cluster_ip', None)
if cluster_ip:
service['properties']['spec']['clusterIP'] = cluster_ip
config['resources'].append(service)
rc = {
'name': rc_name,
'type': rc_type,
'properties': {
'apiVersion': 'v1',
'kind': 'ReplicationController',
'namespace': namespace,
'metadata': {
'name': rc_name,
'labels': GenerateLabels(context, rc_name),
},
'spec': {
'replicas': context.properties['replicas'],
'selector': GenerateLabels(context, name),
'template': {
'metadata': {
'labels': GenerateLabels(context, name),
},
'spec': {
'containers': [
{
'env': GenerateEnv(context),
'name': container_name,
'image': context.properties['image'],
'ports': [
{
'name': container_name,
'containerPort': context.properties['container_port'],
}
],
}
],
}
}
}
}
}
# Set up volume mounts
if context.properties.get('volumes', None):
rc['properties']['spec']['template']['spec']['containers'][0]['volumeMounts'] = []
rc['properties']['spec']['template']['spec']['volumes'] = []
for volume in context.properties['volumes']:
# mountPath should be unique
volume_name = volume['mount_path'].replace('/', '-').lstrip('-') + '-storage'
rc['properties']['spec']['template']['spec']['containers'][0]['volumeMounts'].append(
{
'name': volume_name,
'mountPath': volume['mount_path']
}
)
del volume['mount_path']
volume['name'] = volume_name
rc['properties']['spec']['template']['spec']['volumes'].append(volume)
if context.properties.get('privileged', False):
rc['properties']['spec']['template']['spec']['containers'][0]['securityContext'] = {
'privileged': True
}
config['resources'].append(rc)
return yaml.dump(config)
# Generates labels either from the context.properties['labels'] or generates
# a default label 'name':name
def GenerateLabels(context, name):
"""Generates labels from context.properties['labels'] or creates default.
We make a deep copy of the context.properties['labels'] section to avoid
linking in the yaml document, which I believe reduces readability of the
expanded template. If no labels are given, generate a default 'name':name.
Args:
context: Template context, which can contain the following properties:
labels - Labels to generate
Returns:
A dict containing labels in a name:value format
"""
tmp_labels = context.properties.get('labels', None)
ret_labels = {'name': name}
if isinstance(tmp_labels, dict):
for key, value in tmp_labels.iteritems():
ret_labels[key] = value
return ret_labels
def GenerateServicePorts(context, name):
"""Generates a ports section for a service.
Args:
context: Template context, which can contain the following properties:
service_port - Port to use for the service
target_port - Target port for the service
protocol - Protocol to use.
Returns:
A dict containing a port definition
"""
service_port = context.properties.get('service_port', None)
target_port = context.properties.get('target_port', None)
protocol = context.properties.get('protocol')
ports = {}
if name:
ports['name'] = name
if service_port:
ports['port'] = service_port
if target_port:
ports['targetPort'] = target_port
if protocol:
ports['protocol'] = protocol
return ports
def GenerateEnv(context):
"""Generates environmental variables for a pod.
Args:
context: Template context, which can contain the following properties:
env - Environment variables to set.
Returns:
A list containing env variables in dict format {name: 'name', value: 'value'}
"""
env = []
tmp_env = context.properties.get('env', [])
for entry in tmp_env:
if isinstance(entry, dict):
env.append({'name': entry.get('name'), 'value': entry.get('value')})
return env
info:
title: Replicated Service
description: |
Defines a ReplicatedService type by creating both a Service and an RC.
This module creates a typical abstraction for running a service in a
Kubernetes cluster, namely a replication controller and a service packaged
together into a single unit.
required:
- image
properties:
container_name:
type: string
description: Name to use for container. If omitted, name is used.
service_name:
type: string
description: Name to use for service. If omitted, name-service is used.
namespace:
type: string
description: Namespace to create resources in. If omitted, 'default' is
used.
default: default
protocol:
type: string
description: Protocol to use for the service.
service_port:
type: int
description: Port to use for the service.
target_port:
type: int
description: Target port to use for the service.
container_port:
type: int
description: Port to use for the container.
replicas:
type: int
description: Number of replicas to create in RC.
image:
type: string
description: Docker image to use for replicas.
labels:
type: object
description: Labels to apply.
env:
type: array
description: Environment variables to apply.
properties:
name:
type: string
value:
type: string
external_service:
type: boolean
description: If set to true, enable external load balancer.
cluster_ip:
type: string
description: IP to use for the service
privileged:
type: boolean
description: If set to true, enable privileged container
volumes:
type: array
description: Volumes to mount.
items:
type: object
properties:
mounth_path:
type: string
description: Path to mount volume
# See https://cloud.google.com/container-engine/docs/spec-schema?hl=en for possible volumes. Since we only use gcePersistentDisk and NFS in our examples we have only added these ones.
oneOf:
gcePersistentDisk:
pdName:
type: string
description: Persistent's disk name
fsType:
type: string
description: Filesystem type of the persistent disk
nfs:
server:
type: string
description: The hostname or IP address of the NFS server
path:
type: string
description: The path that is exported by the NFS server
readOnly:
type: boolean
description: Forces the NFS export to be mounted with read-only permissions
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