Note that the intrinsic implementation panics separately for overflow and
divide by zero, which matches the behavior of the pure go implementation.
There is a modest performance improvement after intrinsic implementation.

name     old time/op  new time/op  delta
Div-4    53.0ns ± 1%  47.0ns ± 0%  -11.28%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Div32-4  18.4ns ± 0%  18.5ns ± 1%     ~     (p=0.444 n=5+5)
Div64-4  53.3ns ± 0%  47.5ns ± 4%  -10.77%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

Updates #28273

Change-Id: Ic1688ecc0964acace2e91bf44ef16f5fb6b6bc82
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/144378
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>